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Security Hardening and Threat Boundaries

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Lesson 2.1 · 50 minutes

Separate identities, authority, and approval

Make the actor, granted authority, and human approval visible at every consequential boundary.

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Security Hardening and Threat Boundaries

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Verifiedon 2026.7.1

Action boundary

Before you act

Expected result
A least-privilege matrix distinguishes channel, gateway, operator, and service identities.
Failure mode
A shared administrator credential makes an agent action indistinguishable from a human action.
Rollback
Remove newly granted access and return to the previous documented authority matrix.

Identity is not intent

Authentication answers who connected; authorization answers what that identity may do; approval answers whether this specific action should proceed now. Keep those questions separate. Consult the current authentication and trusted-proxy documentation before changing gateway controls: reverse-proxy headers are not evidence of identity unless the proxy boundary is explicitly trusted.

Lab — the authority matrix

Make a table with rows for inbound channel, gateway process, administrator, operator, tool/service account, plugin, and reviewer. Columns: can read, can write, can send externally, can change configuration, can approve, and how the action is logged.

For every write, external send, privilege increase, plugin install, or security-control change, choose an approval rule: no approval only for reversible, bounded actions; explicit approval for irreversible, external, or privilege-changing actions. Approval must show the target, data summary, and impact—not merely a button labelled “continue.”

Learner artifact

Capture a redacted approval request showing actor, requested operation, target, scope, expiry, and approver decision. Do not capture message content or tokens.

Checkpoint

A tool has a broad service credential but the chat user is read-only. Is a read-only chat permission enough? No. The effective authority is the reachable tool credential. Narrow the credential, restrict the tool path, or introduce a human gate.

Test

Attempt a safe, non-production action with an unapproved identity. Record the denial and the audit event. If it succeeds, stop automation on that path and open a remediation finding; do not “test” by performing a destructive action.

Source provenanceVerification and sources

Review receipt rr_security_identities_approvals

Outcome
approved
Method
source-review
Reviewer
academy-security-source-review
Reviewed

Evidence

Limitations

  • Approval covers the bounded 2026.7.1 learning exercises and cited security guidance; operators must validate controls against their own deployment and use disposable credentials in labs.

Open the public evidence snapshot

Lesson checkpoint

Ready to move on?

Mark this lesson complete when you can apply its outcome without relying on the examples above.